Lecturer

BusinessManagement

BusinessManagement is an important discipline because it equips learners withthe knowledge, skills, attitudes, and experience required to work asprofessionals in organizations. The discipline also equips thelearners with the competencies required for successfulentrepreneurship. The discussion compares and contrasts the decisionsand factors to consider when engaging in entrepreneurship or formalemployment.

1. Dave’s Decision Table is a Legitimate Way to Make an Entrepreneurial Decision

Thereis no particular method that aspiring businesspersons can use to makeappropriate entrepreneurial decisions. However, depending onindividual circumstances, an entrepreneur can improvise a formula.Dave, for instance, had worked in corporate environment for severalyears. Therefore, it is only effective to have comparison between twoentities (Upson234).Since he had interacted with different businesspersons, as well astop corporate managers, he understands both business conditions.Through the use of a table, it becomes clear for Dave to evaluate thetwo options. These are: becoming an entrepreneur, or continue workingin the corporate environment.

Thefactors which motivate a person to venture into self-employment areobserved if he establishes the disadvantages and advantages of eachcase(Carland, James &amp Wayne17). The consideration of the factors for and againstentrepreneurship can then be clear to Dave. Therefore, Dave’sdecision table is legitimate because of the fact that he has goodexperience in corporate work, and has also observed what it entailsto start one’s own enterprise.

2. The Factors Adequately Relate With the Two Options

SinceDave has better understanding of the corporate world, it issignificant to identify the major factors which can enable a personto make appropriate decisions regarding which option, self employmentor working for accompany, to choose. Factors such as possibility offailure, becoming one’s own boss, and continuous flow of incomecannot be ignored. Irrespective of whether the firm makes a profit ornot, as well as opportunities to expand, are some of the criticalissues which cannot escape entrepreneur’s mind (Carland,James &amp Wayne19). Therefore, the factors which appear on the table relate quitewell with the process of deciding between being entrepreneur orjoining the corporate sector. Moreover, people with entrepreneurialminds tend to have deeper inner desire to explore the invisiblebusiness opportunities which corporate sectors may not provide.

3. Factors Which Should Not Have Been Included

Whereasa business location can determine how its customers can interact withthe business, in the current world it is not a main issue. Thepresent technology encourages people to start and run their firmsanywhere. Customers are present online and offline. It, therefore,depends on which type of business a person runs. Secondly, freedom toselect assignments should not appear as one of the factors in thetable. Provided the assignments yield or lead to increase in income,both entrepreneur and those employed in firms must admit that all thetasks are important(Baron, Rebecca, Franklin, and Keith 745).To achieve success in one’s own business enterprise or in a companywhere people work, duties are always available.

Eventhough a business owner may have an upper hand in deciding which taskhe can execute, ignoring some duty may have negative impacts to thebusiness. Hence, it is evident that assignments are not debatablewhen it comes to running a business. Furthermore duties are mandatoryand both self-employed people and employees must conduct themselveswith high level of professionalism(Upson 241).Again, having income when there is no work, to an extent should notfeature in the table when one makes decisions regardingentrepreneurship or engagement in big firms. An appropriatedecision-making process has to pay little attention to the idea ofearning without doing any work.

4. Additional Factors Which Should Have Been Included

Theamount of capital required to start a business is one factor thatmust be discussed. In every business opportunity, there are somelevels of investments that are crucial for the success of theenterprise. Therefore, when an entrepreneur is making decisionsregarding which areas he can explore, his financial position is veryimportant (Upson236).The possibility of sourcing for capital, or determining whether aperson can use his personal savings, can provide a basis for makingthe appropriate decision. As in the case of Dave, his sources ofcapital can come from personal savings and loans from a financialinstitution. The other factor which ought to appear in the table isthe competitors’ activities in the same investment opportunity. Abusiness owner needs to analyze what the rest of his rivals aredoing. Through the analysis, one can then identify which activitieshe can do so as to get advantage over the others in the sameinvestment area.

5. Decision Making Table is a Valuable Tool

Successfulentrepreneurs must plan their way before engaging in any venture. Itis even more vital for someone who works in the corporate environmentto prepare the decision-making table. Whereas an individual who hasno history of past employment can easily get into a business andlearn through mistakes, it is very challenging for someone who hadbeen employed to engage in entrepreneurship activities. Since Davehas a lucrative offer from company C, to make a wise decision a tableis necessary so as to evaluate which option is best for him (Upson240).In the absence of the decision-making table, a person cannot clearlypoint out which factors affect entrepreneurs as well as otherorganizations.

6. What I Would Have Decided

Basedon the information available in the decision-making table, if I wereDave, I would opt to go as an entrepreneur. The reason for choosingentrepreneurship is because it has numerous advantages which includethe opportunity to make decisions independently on how an enterprisecan be managed(Baron, Rebecca, Franklin, and Keith 750). Havingworked in the corporate sectors for several years, Dave is aware ofhow tedious it is to make even a simply decision. Therefore, whenmanaging his own business, the level of autonomy he enjoys isencouraging. Secondly, entrepreneurship is characterized by someuncertainties. However, it has unlimited opportunities which are veryfulfilling to explore. Likewise, a change in business environment cangive the person motivation because the business structure is flexibleand less complex in an individual’s enterprise compared to workingin big companies.

7. Characteristics Possessed by Entrepreneurs

Entrepreneursare risk takers. For instance, Dave is ready to let go his heftypackage accompanied with several benefits which he enjoys even if thecompany does not make any profit. Secondly, entrepreneurs areopportunistic (Carland,James &amp Wayne5).They are capable of identifying untapped opportunities and venturein it before other people notice. The other characteristic of theentrepreneurs is that they are creative and confident. Dave, forexample, intends to convert his home into an office so as to cut thecost of incurring extra expenses like renting an office space.Similarly, he is bold and confident enough to try his business skillselsewhere with the belief that he will achieve success.

Inconclusion, it is evident that entrepreneurship requires some aspectsof planning before one gets into the process of investing and runninga business. The use of the decision-making table can aid anentrepreneur to figure out what factors are important in business.However, the table is not a standard measure for successfulenterprises. Again, there are numerous factors which a person has toconsider when starting a business. The list is unlimited but it isimportant to identify main issues. Nevertheless, entrepreneurs enjoyautonomy in decision-making as well as moving the business operationsto the level they want. Consequently, a person has to sacrifice hisown time and energy so as to make reasonable gains in business.

WorksCited

Baron,Robert A., Rebecca J. Franklin, and Keith M. Hmieleski. &quotWhyentrepreneurs often

experiencelow, not high, levels of stress: The joint effects of selection andpsychological

capital.&quot&nbspJournalof management&nbsp42.3(2016): 742-768.

Carland,JoAnn C., James W. Carland, and Wayne H. Stewart. &quotSeeing what`snot there: The

enigmaof entrepreneurship.&quot&nbspJournalof small business strategy&nbsp7.1(2015): 1-20.

Upson,John. &quotStrategic networks of discovery and creationentrepreneurs.&quot&nbspEuropean

ManagementJournal&nbsp19.1(2017):232-245.

Lecturer

Analysisof the Film “Rome, Open City”

Synopsis

“RomeOpen City” is a film that reveals the resistance movements againstthe Nazi political ideology which occurred in the city of Rome. Thedirector of the film, Roberto Rossellini, gives the history andconditions of the Romans under the occupation of the German Nazimovement which led to the death of those perceived to resist theGerman rule in Italy. The film revolves around resistant fighters,Giorgio Manfredi, and other National Liberation Committee members whooperate underground for fear of execution. The Priest, Don Pietro,plays a very pivotal role to protect and even organize how resistantleaders can escape the German police. Children and women also playsignificant roles to ensure that the city of Rome is liberated fromthe German occupation. Marinna, Pina’s sister, adversely betraysher lover, Manfredi. She leaks the information to the Gestapoofficials after getting intoxicated. The events lead to arrest of themain resistant movement members including the priest. Eventually,Manfred dies after being tortured. However, Don Pietro insists thatSS officials have only destroyed the body but not the soul. Marinafeels remorseful and depressed when she sees her lover, Manfred,succumb to death. The SS officials attempt to indicate that Manfredidied of heart attack as opposed to torture that would make him appearas a martyr. Unfortunately, Marina faints but the SS officials takeaway the fur coat that Marina received because of betraying herlover. Similarly, Don Pietro is publicly executed(Quintanaand Jordi 289).

TheElements of Style

Theuse of light and color in the film gives the audience q grasp of theturn of events, which occur in Rome during the German occupation. Forinstance, when Manfredi gets information from the lady landlord thatthe SS officials are outside the compound where he resides, he climbsup the rooftop to escape. At that point, dark lights are used to hidethe appearance of where Manfredi is hiding. Similarly, the Manfredi’shouse also appears darker and the German security forces have tostrain while searching all the corners of the house(Cragin13). The use of lighting techniques also helps the viewers to predictthe time when the film is captured, or when certain events occur.When the German authority issued curfew that people should stayindoors, especially at night, Francesco moves from his printingoffice. Francesco’s image is illuminated brightly but hisbackground receives little light. It is, therefore, important for theaudience to understand that the movie scene occurs at night.Francesco is one of the main characters in the film. He workssecretly to print underground materials to support the resistancemovement (Wisessing,John, and Rachel 113).

Thecamera angel is another element that plays a significant role inunderstanding the various scenes of the film. Various camera shotsoccur in the film. For instance, the wide shot happens in Francesco’shouse, particularly at the dining table area. Several members ofFrancesco’s family and friends gather around the dining table. Alltheir body parts are clearly visible for example, their heads andlegs. Furthermore, through the wide shot, the viewers are able tolocate all materials available in the room. In Francesco’s house,the wide camera angle reveals the average life that he lives in Rome(Wisessing, John, and Rachel 109).

Theuse of high angle shot to show movements and intentions of charactersalso add value to the film. For instance, the movements of Marcello,Pina’s son inside the room after the police raid in all apartments.Through high angle shot, the audience can get a clue of what Marcellois capable of doing despite his age. He climbs upstairs together withthe priest and takes several weapons and hides them inside the roomwhere the paralyzed man lies. Moreover, high angle camera techniqueshows that the subject is weak, submissive, and inferior. Therefore,Marcello raises no concern to the police officers and he easily picksbombs and plants them in appropriate locations to help the Nationalresistance movement launch more attack on the German occupation inRome (Quintanaand Jordi 295).

Thesounding effects also reveal some of the significant scenes thatappear in the film. When the German police arrest Francesco, membersof the National Liberation Movement blow the whistles. The sound ofthe whistle is identical and all Romans who oppose the Germanoccupation organize how to attack the police van so as to rescueFrancesco. Likewise, when the SS officials conspired to kill thepriest before other members of Paris, the children alerted thegeneral public using the sound of the whistle.

TheThemes of the Film

Thereare various themes that feature in the film “Rome, Open City.”The two key themes are realism and resistance. The invasion of theCity of Rome exposes the native residents of Italy to severalatrocities, which they cannot accommodate. For instance, manyhouseholds suffer from extreme poverty and hence they cannot afforddecent meals. The German authorities conducted raids in homes ofnatives. Also, the implementation of the curfew restricted the normaloperations and movement of the Romans. The reality is that peoplecannot go out and engage in constructive work that enables them toearn a living. Similarly, the Italians and their affiliates who weresuspected of participating in the resistant liberation movement werepursued and arrested several times.

Itwas, therefore, difficult for some leaders, as well as the resistantarmy, to provide food for their family members. Consequently, thereality of arrest, torture, and execution are some of the issues thatthe film reveals. It is apparent that any member or supporter of theNational Liberation Movement had to face at any given time, unlawfularrest, persecution, and even death (Cragin15). For example, Manfredi, who was a committee member in theliberation movement got arrested and killed mercilessly. Likewise,Don Pietro, the priest who concealed the resistance members andofficials, succumbed to a brutal shooting. In several circumstances,Don Pietro denounced the inhuman treatments that the SS officialssubjected the Romans to until the point of death.

TheValue of the Film

Thefilm “Rome, Open City” plays an important role in revealingvarious devastating conditions that individuals face, especially whenleaders adopt extreme political ideologies. The Nazi policy that theGermans created contributed to several injustices. Roberto Rosselliniindicates that irrespective of the cruel treatment that authoritiessubject people to, once the individuals decide to liberate themselvesthey will succeed (Quintanaand Jordi 290). Despite the fact that many persons were eliminatedbecause of their resistance to the German stay in Rome, the nativesdid not give up the fight. The film provides a basis for resilience,determination, and social justice, which human beings shouldinculcate so as to overcome challenges.

OutsideCritical Opinion

Thefilm “Rome, Open City” attracted many critics in different areas.To begin with, the scholars in Italy assert that the film reflectsthe escapism from wars that Italians longed to attain. Thedevastating effects of the Second World War lead to the collapse ofthe economy of many countries (Cragin9). Roberto, therefore, shows that the struggles that members of theNational Liberation Resistance launched are important in enhancinghuman freedom and rights. Similarly, the marriage between Pina andFrancesco, which the priest Don Pietro was to conduct, shows that thepriest was ready to work with communist members. Moreover, thepicture of the priest as he watches the execution of Manfredi showsto the audience a character that is bold and fearless. He does notget surprised when people die for the right reasons. Furthermore, therole women play in the film is captivating. Pina for instance, isvery supportive of the movement and she dies under unclearcircumstances as she tries to trace Francesco. However, the Germanofficials have received a lot of negativity in the film.

Conclusion

“Rome,Open City” is a very engaging film. Various films making stylesused in the production communicate pleasant scenes and memorableevents to the audience. The lighting techniques used on the maincharacters enable the viewers to understand the events that occur inthe film. Various camera angles utilized in the film are equallysignificant in the sense that the audience can evaluate the role eachsubject plays in the film. Nevertheless, the film has some disturbingscenes, especially incidences where shootings of the victims occur.

WorksCited

Cragin,Thomas. &quotConflicting interpretations of Rome, Open City in 1945Italy.&quot Historical

Journalof Film, Radio and Television(2016): 1-17. Print.

Quintana,Ángel, and Jordi Xifra. &quotVisual-spatial intelligence inpropaganda and public relations

discourse:The case of Roberto Rossellini’s early and educational-historicalfilms.&quot PublicRelations Review42.2 (2016): 288-297. Print.

Wisessing,Pisut, John Dingliana, and Rachel McDonnell. &quotPerception oflighting and shading

foranimated virtual characters.&quot Proceedingsof the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception.ACM, 2016.

Lecturer

ReactionPoem on &quotThe Unknown Citizen&quot

APoem in a Disagreement with the Poet’s Point of View

Michaelis black-America, not white

Lifeis not good for him, he is not proud,

Problemis living in the past, not content,

Heis unpleased, feels grieved and unforgiving.

Regardedas a traitor, not by all though,

Refusedto enlist to the Vietnam War, not a coward though,

Jailedfor disloyalty, extremism, unending criticisms, non-tax compliance(Bélandand Waddan 187)

Criticizespast and current political regimes,

Wantsa free society in which everyone enjoys all rights.

Michaelblames colonial, past, current federal and current state government,

Governmentunfair in treating the minority blacks,

Governmentto be condemned for bias,

Governmentnot good, it has encouraged inequality,

Governmentfailed to address capitalism, individualism.

Michaelbelieves the plight of blacks to be blamed on government,

Moreblacks shot by police, daily, every day, no one cares,

Moreblacks jailed for felonies, not whites, no one cares,

Blacksno access to quality healthcare services, no one cares,

Blacksnot employed, promoted, no opportunities, no one cares.

Michaelopposes anti-terror war, it is bias, bad, oppressive,

Anti-terrorwar to be called anti-Islam war,

Muslimstortured, segregated, secluded, no justice,

Demandsfor closure of Guantanamo Bay, bad for America,

ConsciousAmericans to join the struggle, sensitize government to stop.

Michael,believes he is a real patriot, opposes government plans,

Nota patriot, a traitor, in the eyes of the government,

Notloyal to the state, power, leadership, troubleshooter,

Americanssee him as a patriot, a non-patriot, opinion divided,

Heis to meditate, think, act, comply, mend fences, and live happily,fight no government.

WorksCited

Béland,D. and Waddan, A. Breaking down ideas and institutions: the politicsof tax policy in the USA and the UK. PolicyStudies,36(2),2015:176-195.

Lecturer

Benefitsof Obama Care

Oneof the current trending debates in the country is President Trump’splan to repeal the Affordable Care Act (Obama Care). I expectedPresident Trump to do so because he is a politician who is interestedin outdoing the opponent, but not safeguarding the interests andwelfare of the common citizens. As an optimist, I am looking forwardto a healthy nation. And in my opinion, I strongly believe that it isonly through the Obama Care that we will become healthy. I would liketo oppose the repeal for Obama Care because of three reasons.

First,Obama Care has made healthcare services cheaper than it used to beearlier. Today, a large number of Americans can afford healthcareservices because the insurance packages. Obama Care is acomprehensive plan which has been doing a great job by providing roomto legible Americans to access healthcare services regardless oftheir social status. It has tremendously reduced the costs ofhealthcare services by providing insurance services to people tocover important health issues affecting them. It has become so cheapto afford primary care services since preventive care is made freefor all the legible Americans (Oberlander2165).It therefore means that if the act is repealed, Americans will losesuch privileges because they will not get access to free preventivehealthcare services.

Secondly,the Affordable Care Act has helped in improving the quality ofhealthcare services in the country. Since its enactment, the plan hasmade it mandatory for all the insurance providers to cover specifiedessential benefits. These include maternity and new born carepreventive visits mental treatment emergency room servicesoutpatient care prescription of drugs lab tests pediatric careand hospitalization. This is a clear proof that the act is a good onebecause it will serve very many people. The provision of freepreventive care means that the people will get access to theservices. At the same time, healthcare providers will have to deliverexcellent services because the effectiveness of the service ismeasured by its success. Hence, President Trump does not need torepeal the act because it will deprive Americans of such essentialservices.

Thirdly,the act should not be repealed because it has come up with policiesto benefit everyone in the country. It will cater for the welfare ofthe employers, employees, children, females, males, low, middle andhigh income earners. Each of these people has a plan to accommodatethem. For example, the low income earners who have been deniedinsurance services will no longer experience the same. Instead, allthe insurance providers have to provide insurance services toeveryone irrespective of their pre-existing conditions. Besides,children have benefited from the plan because they are allowed to usetheir parents’ insurance plans until the age of 26 years(Oberlander 2166).Better still the act has benefited the government because it hasbeen lowering the budget deficits. It is estimated that the plan willhelp in lowering the federal government’s deficit by 140 billion bythe year 2020. It will achieve this goal by increasing the taxes,shifting the health burden to insurers, and minimizing thegovernment’s expenditure on healthcare services.

Itherefore conclude by opposing the repeal of the act. Obama Care isone of the most important legacies for the Obama Administration. Itis true that many Americans are opposed to it because of ignorance.President Trump should not politicize the matter because it is for acommon good.

WorksCited

Oberlander,J. The future of Obamacare. NewEngland Journal of Medicine,367(23),(2012): 2165-2167.

Lecturer

CivilDisobedience

Changeis one thing that is permanent in the society. Since the immemorialtimes, human beings have been trying to make significant changes thatcan improve their lives, and make the society accommodative toeveryone especially the ordinary citizens. As clearly demonstrated byMahatma Gandhi, civil disobedience is an effective way of protestingagainst the establishment. This paper presents a critical definitionof the concept of civil disobedience.

Civildisobedience is a way of nonviolent way of protesting against theestablishment. In an ideal society, the government is presumed to becontracted by the citizens. Meaning, those in power should be subjectto the citizens who have given them an authority to rule over them.To reciprocate, the government should be enforcing policies aimed atprotecting the interests and welfare of the citizens. However, thisdoes not usually happen because government comes up with laws,policies, and rules that do not serve the interests of the public(Farazmand 29).

Therefore,in order to express their fury, the public resort to disobedience.Civil disobedience is a special type of disobedience because it doesnot involve violence. It is a peaceful strategy that is adopted bythe citizens to let the government know their grievance. Instead ofusing violent acts such as destruction of properties, sabotage,blocking of roads, trespass, attack, and bloodshed, the peopleinvolved in civil disobedience use more peaceful means. Instead ofdestroying public properties, the people can show their anger byengaging in picketing. Picketing is a form of protest in which peopledisobey the orders and spend time to demonstrate. Duringdemonstrations, a large number of people are mobilized to mergetogether ad protest against the government.

Theother strategy that can be applied during civil disobedience isboycott. This is a form of protest in which people refuse to do whatthe law requires. For instance, when the government comes up with anew directive that requires people to attend a certain function oractivity, they can choose to avoid it. Avoidance has been aneffective way of civil disobedience in the society. Its benefit isthat it is peaceful and does not breach peace in the community(Farazmand 76). Finally, a civil disobedience can be conducted byengaging in non-payment of taxes. Tax is one of the obligations ofthe citizens. The public is required to pay taxes to enable thegovernment to get revenue to use in its recurrent and capitalexpenditures. However, when people want to express their displeasurewith the government, they can choose to refuse to pay taxes.

Inconclusion it is important to note that civil disobedience is not animmoral activity. It is morally justifiable because it is done toaddress unjust laws in the society. It is not a bad thing because itis carried out with good motives. The practice is driven by a desireto transform the society and make it much better than it wouldotherwise be. It has been effective in putting the government on toesand bringing immediate changes in the society. When the citizenspicket, boycott government activities and refuse to pay taxes, thegovernment is left with no option other than listening and addressingthe pressing needs. The practice should therefore be perpetuatedbecause it is non-violent and done for a good cause.

WorksCited

Farazmand,A. PublicAdministration in a Globalized World.London and New York: Routledge, 2014. Print.

Lecturer

Dateof Submission:

Ichose this book by Steve Craig because it illustrates to young adultsall the tricks that revolve around sports. The essentials of anexcellent reporting, taking notes and interviewing and shifting tocrafting sports stories, prospect narratives and columns are wellillustrated in the book and can make anyone become an efficientwriter on the subject of sports. Steve Craig based in Portland, NewHampshire has won the price of Associated Press Sports Editorschampionship two years in a row in 2015 and 2016.

Thebook is different from other texts because it gives a simplifiedapproach to sports writing to everyone interested in sports and evencan work well for students in high school. All the basic informationabout sports is well addressed in this text and provides gooddirections to the readers from the start to the end. Additionally,the book provides the inexperienced writers with the tools that arerequired to come up with stories about sports that can be worth topublish.

Thebook helps the readers of sports understand the concepts of thestories such as columns, profiles and news and they comprehend thestyle and ethics behind it. Readers will be able to provide anaccount of high-quality content for sports stories alongside otherinsights of what is expected of them as sports writers. What isunique about the book is the emphasis it lays out on the arts ofsports writing while putting out the practical tips to the readers onnote-taking and interviewing. These tips are so unique to all theindividuals interested in sports writing and act as a guide to theirsports writing course.

WorksCited

Craig,Steve. SportsWriting.1st ed. Shoreham, Vt.: Discover Writing Press, 2002. Print.

Lecturer

HistoryEvaluation Essay

BlackLike Meis book authored by John Howard Griffin in 1961. It explains theexperience of the author in the America’s South. The whitejournalist underwent a medical procedure that transformed him into adark colored person. This was with the objective of understanding theexperiences of the African Americans in the racially segregatedregions for example, Georgia, Alabama, and Louisiana. The essaydiscusses why Griffin did not experience the black life as a nativeblack American.

Griffinwas not born as a natural African American. He changed to a black manthrough a temporary medical procedure, during adulthood (Stanley).The procedure changed his skin color from white to black. The authormissed the black experiences during childhood for example, growingup in a poor household, experiencing segregation in publicfacilities, and having poor education and healthcare.

Theauthor was not consistent with being black during his journey in theDeep South. He became depressed and weary when conditions becametough for the African Americans. The tough experience forced him tostop medication and whiten his skin. In some cases, he alternated hisskin color to suit his interests. The Native African Americans,however, did not have the privilege of changing their skin color whenliving conditions worsened. The blacks remained strong in the face ofracial segregation, violent abuse, minimal economic opportunities,and limited human rights and freedom (Stanley).

NativeAfrican Americans did not pursue formal careers. It was impossible toget employment because they had limited education. Most employerswere white people who embraced racial segregation or discrimination.The blacks got their income from the informal sectors. For example,Sterling Williams was a shoe shiner. However, Griffin was an educatedperson who pursued a successful career in Journalism. His source ofincome was secure. His experience as a black man was a businessproject that was fully financed by the Sepiamagazine. His career was enhanced, after the African Americanexperience, because he secured numerous interviews with majormagazine and television companies (Stanley).

Theblack experience by Howard Griffin was effective in communicating thechallenges faced by the black American community. It encouraged theAmerican society to tolerate diversity and enhance the freedom andrights of all people.

WorkCited

Stanley,Tim. “The white man who pretended to be black.” TheTelegraph,5 Feb. 2015, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/authors/john-howard-griffin-black-like-me/.

Lecturer

Dateof Submission:

Theauthor of this little sketch is referring to the next of kin orrather the relatives of the deceased. These are the individuals whoknew him before he left for the north. After he left they never heardof him anymore. These could be the same individuals that Geraldosends some money on a weekly basis despite the currency exchange inthat he came from a different country.

Themeeting is a concern to Marin in several aspects. Marin is a dancerand attends most of the dances in various joints. This one isexceptional in that she is the last to see Geraldo alive, despitethem having met for a very short time. It disturbs her that Geraldohad danced with her only to learn of his accident. He is someone whonever disclosed much about himself as the information provided toMarin was just the first name and the color of the garments he haddonned.

Geraldohas a rather reserved character. Little about him is known is in thepublic domain. Secondly, Geraldo is seen as a rather hardworkingindividual and a caring one. He often sends some cash back to supportthose he left behind. He, however, conceals much of his life and onecould describe Geraldo as an individual who loves the privatelifestyle. This is evident by the way that no one home knew where hehad moved to and more so, the people around him never came to knowwhere he had rented.

Thisis a love story. There is some aspect of the connection between Marinand Geraldo before he succumbs to the loss of blood. She spends a lotof time by his side at the hospital and more so seeks informationregarding his address. Although Marin refutes him being hisboyfriend, she is concerned much about him and constitutes some loveaspects.

Lecturer

ManagingPaid Staff and Service Volunteers Staff

Keepingemployees engaged and motivated is central to the long term successof any organization. Identifying the motivational needs of theemployees is, therefore, among the key responsibilities ofexecutives. The issue of managing paid and service volunteers is ofparticular importance to a nonprofit organization because theorganization may not have the financial capacity to competeadequately with organizations whose primary focus is profitmaximization. Besides, the prevalence of volunteers in the workforcepresents a unique challenge the management of employees in anonprofit organization(Worth 229).The following is a summary of chapter nine of the course bookanalyzing the dynamics of managing both paid staff and servicevolunteers.

Thetotal compensation model is the first method through which executivescan address the motivational needs of their workforce. The modelappreciates that in the modern business characterized by theprinciples of capitalism, it is difficult for nonprofit organizationto compete on the market based way in compensating employees.Consequently, it is important to view volunteers as opportunities toenhance productivity at relatively lower operational costs, but withthe possibility of retaining them in the organization similar to thepractice in mainstream business practice(Worth 235).To this end, the total compensation model identifies a hierarchy ofneeds which managers can use as a framework to understand themotivational needs of employees.

Atthe bottom of the pyramid is the need for receive materialcompensation. Unlike employees in for-profit organizations, employeesin nonprofit organizations have material compensation as the least oftheir concerns(Worth 237).The reason for that is they are passionate about the course. Secondfrom the bottom of the happiness quotient for employees andvolunteers is the need to have a social interaction which representssocial compensation. Besides, employees feel more motivated if theywork in an engaging work environment where they feel personallyappreciated and as part of a group. Psychic compensation is the thirdof the four levels of needs for employees and volunteers. Itaddresses the emotional need of people and the need of individuals tofeel useful in the pursuit of a broad objective. Finally, spiritualcompensation is the ultimate aim of employees and volunteers. Theywant to believe that their actions give them life meaning and purposeand share in the vision and mission of the organization(Worth 238).

Theauthors note that not all employees or volunteers are interested inachieving the four levels of compensation. Consequently, it isincumbent on the nonprofit organization manager to ascertain thecompensation needs of the staff and develop appropriate remunerationstructures(Worth 240).In this regard, it is essential for executives to manage the processof hiring volunteers. The first step is to establish the reason whyindividuals volunteer. Among the reasons include enhancingself-worth, learning, giving back to society, finding meaning in lifeand enhancing career growth(Worth 245).It is worth noting that these motives fall under the socialcompensation in the hierarchy of needs. Consequently, managers shouldknow that volunteers cannot be viewed as cost-free assets. Eventhough they may not impose huge cost implications, they requirecompensation through others means. They should, therefore, be madeuseful through three processes namely ascertain their role in theorganization, recruit them and put them in the appropriate segment,and align their jobs with skills and individual interests. Asuccessful implementation of the three processes ensures thatvolunteers are given the opportunity to learn, grow, and find theirplace in the organization(Worth 252).

Aftervolunteers have fit into the organization and demonstrated alignmentinto the long-term objectives, it is critical that the executivesfind the best moment to confirm them as paid staff of theorganization. Despite the fact that material compensation is theleast of their interests, confirmation makes them feel that theirefforts in the organization have been recognized, which enhancestheir self-esteem(Worth 256).Because the distinction between paid and non-paid staff is becomingblunt by the day, it is critical to integrate volunteers into thelarger personnel management system where their needs can be matchedwith a compensation scheme which makes them feel part of the team.

Tosum up, it is evident that the line between the roles of paid andnon-paid staff has been eliminated over time. Also, the value ofhaving volunteers in an organization can only be unlocked if themanagers use a systematic system to understand the compensation needsof the volunteers before they bring them on board. The TotalCompensation Model is a useful tool for analyzing the needs ofvolunteers and identifying ways of balancing their needs with thoseof paid staff. Besides, the model provides a framework forintegrating volunteers into the full personnel management system ofan organization.

WorksCited

Worth,Michael J. NonprofitManagement: Principles And Practice.4th ed. Washington: SAGE Publications, 2016. Print.